The quantitative relationship between olfactory axons and mitral/tufted cells in developing <i>Xenopus</i> with partially deafferented olfactory bulbs

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Partial deafferentation of the olfactory bulb in <jats:italic>Xenopus</jats:italic> embryos was performed to analyze the effects of afferent innervation on the development of the central olfactory structure. In an attempt to analyze a possible early inductive role of the olfactory axons, one olfactory placode was removed before differentiation of the neural tube began (stages 26–31). A morphological and quantitative analysis was performed on larvae at the onset of metamorphic climax (stage 58). When the single olfactory nerve innervated one side of the rostral telencephalon, a single olfactory bulb developed on that side and no olfactory bulb formed on the contralateral side. When the nerve innervated the midline of the rostral telencephalon, a smaller‐than‐normal, fused olfactory bulb developed. Partial deafferentation at these early stages resulted in a significant reduction in the number of olfactory axons (to approximately one‐half of control values) and a corresponding decrease in the number of mitral/tufted cells (output neurons of the olfactory bulb). To control for possible damage to the neural tube during olfactory‐placode removal, a portion of the neural tube directly beneath one of the olfactory placodes was removed in embryos. In these animals, the neural tube regenerated within 24 h and formed a normal olfactory bulb; olfactory axon and mitral/tufted‐cell numbers were not significantly different from controls. In conclusion, olfactory‐afferent innervation was critical for differentiation of the olfactory bulb, and decreasing the number of olfactory axons resulted in a reduction in the number of output neurons of the olfactory bulb. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</jats:p>

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