Quantitative measurement of the surface charge density

  • Florian Johann
    University of Bonn Institute of Physics, , Wegelerstraße 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
  • Elisabeth Soergel
    University of Bonn Institute of Physics, , Wegelerstraße 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany

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<jats:p>We present a method of measuring the charge density on dielectric surfaces. Similar to electrostatic force microscopy we record the electrostatic interaction between the probe and the sample surface, but at large tip-sample distances. For calibration we use a pyroelectric sample which allows us to alter the surface charge density by a known amount via a controlled temperature change. For proof of principle, we determined the surface charge density under ambient conditions of ferroelectric lithium niobate.</jats:p>

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