Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene with Supported Transition Metal Catalysts in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

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公開日
2004-05
権利情報
  • http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor
DOI
  • 10.1002/adsc.200303230
公開者
Wiley

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Transition metal catalysts such as Pd, Pt, Ru, and Rh supported on carbon, silica and alumina have been examined for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (NB) in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) and in ethanol. The order of hydrogenation activity is Pt>Pd>Ru, Rh in scCO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and in ethanol. The effectiveness of the support is C>Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> for either Pt or Pd in scCO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>. For all the catalysts, higher selectivity to aniline has been obtained in scCO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> compared with ethanol. Hydrogenation of nitrobenzene catalyzed with Pd/C and Pt/C catalysts was successfully conducted in scCO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> with a 100% yield to aniline at a lower reaction temperature of 35 °C. The product aniline (organic phase) can be easily separated from the side‐product water (aqueous phase), solvent (scCO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>), and catalyst (solid) by a simple phase separation process. The hydrogenation of NB is a structure‐sensitive reaction in ethanol as well as in scCO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> except for a few Pt/C catalysts in which the degree of metal dispersion is small (<0.08).</jats:p>

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