Post-treatment control of HIV infection

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  • Jessica M. Conway
    Department of Mathematics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; and
  • Alan S. Perelson
    Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545

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<jats:title>Significance</jats:title> <jats:p>Recent reports suggest that antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiated early after HIV infection increases the likelihood of post-treatment control (PTC) in which plasma virus remains undetectable after treatment cessation. However, only a small fraction of patients treated early attain PTC. We develop a mathematical model of HIV infection that provides insight into these phenomena, suggesting that treatments restricting or reducing the latent reservoir size may allow immune responses to control infection posttreatment. Our model makes predictions about immune response strengths and latent reservoir sizes needed for a patient taken off treatment to exhibit PTC that may help guide future studies.</jats:p>

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