Arsenic as a Food Chain Contaminant: Mechanisms of Plant Uptake and Metabolism and Mitigation Strategies
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- Fang-Jie Zhao
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;
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- Steve P. McGrath
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;
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- Andrew A. Meharg
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, United Kingdom;
説明
<jats:p> Arsenic (As) is an environmental and food chain contaminant. Excessive accumulation of As, particularly inorganic arsenic (As<jats:sub>i</jats:sub>), in rice (Oryza sativa) poses a potential health risk to populations with high rice consumption. Rice is efficient at As accumulation owing to flooded paddy cultivation that leads to arsenite mobilization, and the inadvertent yet efficient uptake of arsenite through the silicon transport pathway. Iron, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon interact strongly with As during its route from soil to plants. Plants take up arsenate through the phosphate transporters, and arsenite and undissociated methylated As species through the nodulin 26-like intrinsic (NIP) aquaporin channels. Arsenate is readily reduced to arsenite in planta, which is detoxified by complexation with thiol-rich peptides such as phytochelatins and/or vacuolar sequestration. A range of mitigation methods, from agronomic measures and plant breeding to genetic modification, may be employed to reduce As uptake by food crops. </jats:p>
収録刊行物
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- Annual Review of Plant Biology
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Annual Review of Plant Biology 61 (1), 535-559, 2010-06-02
Annual Reviews
