Carbon balance in a cool–temperate deciduous forest in northern Japan: seasonal and interannual variations, and environmental controls of its annual balance

  • Yukio Yasuda
    Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 92–25 Nabeyashiki Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
  • Takeshi Saito
    Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 92–25 Nabeyashiki Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
  • Daisuke Hoshino
    Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 92–25 Nabeyashiki Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
  • Kenji Ono
    Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 92–25 Nabeyashiki Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
  • Yoshikazu Ohtani
    Department of Meteorological Environment, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
  • Yasuko Mizoguchi
    Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Sapparo, Japan
  • Takeshi Morisawa
    Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 92–25 Nabeyashiki Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan

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説明

We monitored variation in seasonal and annual net ecosystem production (NEP), gross primary production (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (R E) based on 7-year eddy covariance measurements above a cool–temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest (Japanese beech forest). The 7-year means (±SD) of annual NEP, GPP, and R E were 312 ± 64, 1250 ± 62, and 938 ± 36 g C m−2 year−1, respectively. Variation in NEP was much larger than variation in GPP and R E. During the growing season, the main factor controlling carbon balance was air temperature; variation in seasonal integrated NEP was regulated by accumulated air temperature (degree-day) with a significant negative correlation, whereas the seasonal ratio of R E to GPP was correlated positively with accumulated air temperature. Because the deviation of seasonal NEP was also significantly correlated with seasonal R E/GPP, NEP was controlled by R E/GPP, depending on air temperature during the growing season. Seasonal R E in the defoliation and snow seasons was also important for evaluating the annual carbon balance, because the total number of days in the two seasons was quite large owing to a long snowy winter. In the defoliation and snow seasons, we found defoliation season length was a major factor determining seasonal integrated R E, illustrating the positive correlation between R E and defoliation season length. The major factors controlling interannual variations in forest carbon balance are discussed.

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