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- Arne Traulsen
- Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Departments of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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- Martin A. Nowak
- Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Departments of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
書誌事項
- 公開日
- 2006-07-18
- DOI
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- 10.1073/pnas.0602530103
- 公開者
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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説明
<jats:p> We propose a minimalist stochastic model of multilevel (or group) selection. A population is subdivided into groups. Individuals interact with other members of the group in an evolutionary game that determines their fitness. Individuals reproduce, and offspring are added to the same group. If a group reaches a certain size, it can split into two. Faster reproducing individuals lead to larger groups that split more often. In our model, higher-level selection emerges as a byproduct of individual reproduction and population structure. We derive a fundamental condition for the evolution of cooperation by group selection: if <jats:italic>b</jats:italic> / <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> > 1 + <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> / <jats:italic>m</jats:italic> , then group selection favors cooperation. The parameters <jats:italic>b</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> denote the benefit and cost of the altruistic act, whereas <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>m</jats:italic> denote the maximum group size and the number of groups. The model can be extended to more than two levels of selection and to include migration. </jats:p>
収録刊行物
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- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 (29), 10952-10955, 2006-07-18
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences