Modeling the drift of European (<i>Anguilla anguilla</i>) and American (<i>Anguilla rostrata</i>) eel larvae during the year of spawning

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  • Håkan Westerberg
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, SE-178 93 Drottningholm, Sweden.
  • Selma Pacariz
    University of Gothenburg, Department of Marine Sciences, Box 460, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
  • Lasse Marohn
    Thünen-Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
  • Vilhelm Fagerström
    University of Gothenburg, Department of Marine Sciences, Box 460, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
  • Klaus Wysujack
    Thünen-Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
  • Michael J. Miller
    Nihon University, Department of Marine Science and Resources, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0880 Japan.
  • Marko Freese
    Thünen-Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
  • Jan-Dag Pohlmann
    Thünen-Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
  • Reinhold Hanel
    Thünen-Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.

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<jats:p> The distribution of the leptocephalus larvae of European (Anguilla anguilla) and American (Anguilla rostrata) eels collected during recent Sargasso Sea surveys was used to model larval drift. The drift trajectories of individual larva were back-calculated to the estimated time of spawning, using current data from two global oceanographic assimilation models. The results of both models give the same overall result; widespread spawning extended in time from December to March. The drift was also calculated forwards for approximately 1 year. The forward drift modelling showed that most leptocephali remained in the area south of the Subtropical Frontal Zone. One conclusion is that the majority of leptocephali remain trapped and possibly die in the retention area. A small proportion of leptocephali are entrained into the Gulf Stream system. An implication is that the spawning success may be highly sensitive to oceanographic and climatic factors that alter the dispersion of leptocephali out from the retention area. An alternative interpretation is that the surveys were made too late after the peak spawning period and that the core spawning area was missed. </jats:p>

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