Nuclear Receptors and the Control of Metabolism

DOI Web Site 被引用文献8件
  • Gordon A. Francis
    CIHR Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2; 328 HMRC,
  • Elisabeth Fayard
    CIHR Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2; 328 HMRC,
  • Frédéric Picard
    CIHR Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2; 328 HMRC,
  • Johan Auwerx
    CIHR Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2; 328 HMRC,

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<jats:p>▪ Abstract  The metabolic nuclear receptors act as metabolic and toxicological sensors, enabling the organism to quickly adapt to environmental changes by inducing the appropriate metabolic genes and pathways. Ligands for these metabolic receptors are compounds from dietary origin, intermediates in metabolic pathways, drugs, or other environmental factors that, unlike classical nuclear receptor ligands, are present in high concentrations. Metabolic receptors are master regulators integrating the homeostatic control of (a) energy and glucose metabolism through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ); (b) fatty acid, triglyceride, and lipoprotein metabolism via PPARα, β/δ, and γ; (c) reverse cholesterol transport and cholesterol absorption through the liver X receptors (LXRs) and liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1); (d) bile acid metabolism through the farnesol X receptor (FXR), LXRs, LRH-1; and (e) the defense against xeno- and endobiotics by the pregnane X receptor/steroid and xenobiotic receptor (PXR/SXR). The transcriptional control of these metabolic circuits requires coordination between these metabolic receptors and other transcription factors and coregulators. Altered signaling by this subset of receptors, either through chronic ligand excess or genetic factors, may cause an imbalance in these homeostatic circuits and contribute to the pathogenesis of common metabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, and gallbladder disease. Further studies should exploit the fact that many of these nuclear receptors are designed to respond to small molecules and turn them into therapeutic targets for the treatment of these disorders.</jats:p>

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