Amplitude and timing of the Laschamp geomagnetic dipole low from the global atmospheric ¹⁰Be overproduction: Contribution of authigenic ¹⁰Be/⁹Be ratios in west equatorial Pacific sediments

<jats:p>Authigenic <jats:sup>10</jats:sup>Be/<jats:sup>9</jats:sup>Be ratios were measured along a sediment core collected in the west equatorial Pacific in order to reconstruct cosmogenic <jats:sup>10</jats:sup>Be production variations near the equator, where the geomagnetic modulation is maximum. From 60 to 20 ka, the single significant <jats:sup>10</jats:sup>Be production impulse recorded at 41 ka results from the geomagnetic dipole low that triggered the Laschamp excursion. No significant <jats:sup>10</jats:sup>Be overproduction signature is recorded at the age of the Mono Lake excursion (∼34 ka). A compilation of authigenic <jats:sup>10</jats:sup>Be/<jats:sup>9</jats:sup>Be records obtained from sediments was averaged over a 1 kyr window and compared with the 1 kyr averaged <jats:sup>10</jats:sup>Be flux record of Greenland ice cores. Their remarkable similarity demonstrates that <jats:sup>10</jats:sup>Be production is globally modulated by geomagnetic dipole variations and redistributed by atmosphere dynamics. After calibration using absolute values of the virtual dipole moment drawn from paleomagnetic database, the authigenic <jats:sup>10</jats:sup>Be/<jats:sup>9</jats:sup>Be stack allows reconstructing the geomagnetic dipole moment variations over the 20–50 ka time interval. Between 48 and 41 ka, the dipole moment collapsed at a rate of −1.5 × 10<jats:sup>22</jats:sup> A m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> kyr<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, which will be an interesting criterion for the assessment of the loss rate of the historical field and the comparison of dipole moment loss prior to excursions and reversals. After a 2 kyr duration of the minimum dipole moment (∼1 × 10<jats:sup>22</jats:sup> A m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>), a slow increase started at 39 ka, progressively reaching 5 × 10<jats:sup>22</jats:sup> A m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> at 20 ka. The absence of a significant dipole moment drop at 34 ka, the age of the Mono lake excursion, suggests that the duration and amplitude of the dipole weakening cannot be compared with that of the Laschamp. This study provides a reliable basis to model the production of radiocarbon and in situ cosmogenic nuclides and to improve the calibration of these dating methods.</jats:p>