Exosomes: Versatile Nano Mediators of Immune Regulation

DOI Web Site 1 Citations
  • Qi Li
    Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 YouyiXilu, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi, China
  • Helei Wang
    Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
  • Hourong Peng
    Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 YouyiXilu, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi, China
  • Ting Huyan
    Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 YouyiXilu, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi, China
  • Nicholas A. Cacalano
    Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA

Description

<jats:p>One of many types of extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes are nanovesicle structures that are released by almost all living cells that can perform a wide range of critical biological functions. Exosomes play important roles in both normal and pathological conditions by regulating cell-cell communication in cancer, angiogenesis, cellular differentiation, osteogenesis, and inflammation. Exosomes are stable in vivo and they can regulate biological processes by transferring lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and even entire signaling pathways through the circulation to cells at distal sites. Recent advances in the identification, production, and purification of exosomes have created opportunities to exploit these structures as novel drug delivery systems, modulators of cell signaling, mediators of antigen presentation, as well as biological targeting agents and diagnostic tools in cancer therapy. This review will examine the functions of immunocyte-derived exosomes and their roles in the immune response under physiological and pathological conditions. The use of immunocyte exosomes in immunotherapy and vaccine development is discussed.</jats:p>

Journal

  • Cancers

    Cancers 11 (10), 1557-, 2019-10-14

    MDPI AG

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