Reflexes Controlling Circulatory, Ventilatory and Airway Responses to Exercise

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The sections in this article are:</jats:p><jats:sec><jats:title>Reflex Cardiovascular Responses to Muscular Contraction in Anesthetized and Decerebrate Animals</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Sensory Innervation of Skeletal Muscle</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Reflex Autonomic Responses to Stimulation of Muscle Afferents in Anesthetized Animals</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discharge Properties of Group<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">III</jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">IV</jats:styled-content>Muscle Afferents</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>The Site of the First Synapse—The Dorsal Horn</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Role of Spinal Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators in the Exercise Pressor Reflex</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Pathways Ascending from the Dorsal Horn</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>The Ventrolateral Medulla</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Other Central Neural Structures</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Final Common Pathways</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interaction Between the Arterial Baroreflex and the Exercise Pressor Reflex in Anesthetized and Decerebrate Animals</jats:title></jats:sec></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Evidence for the Exercise Pressor Reflex in Humans and Conscious Animals</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Feedback from Contracting Limb Skeletal Muscle in Humans and Conscious Animals</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>The Nature of the Stimulus Evoking the Exercise Pressor Reflex</jats:title></jats:sec></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Contribution of Peripheral Afferents to the Exercise Hyperpnea</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Afferents from the Exercising limbs</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>The Carotid Chemoreceptor Afferents</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Role in Hyperventilation During Heavy Exercise</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>The Pulmonary Afferents</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Cardiac Afferents</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Respiratory Muscle Afferents</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Mediation of the Exercise Hyperpnea by Multiple Mechanisms</jats:title></jats:sec></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Summary and Conclusions</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Peripheral Afferent Contribution to Circulatory Responses to Exercise</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Peripheral Afferent Contribution to Ventilatory Responses to Exercise</jats:title></jats:sec></jats:sec>