<jats:p>A series of experiments measured the discrimination by human listeners of frequency-modulated complex tones which differed only in the coherence of frequency modulation (FM). For the coherently modulated tones all components were modulated by the same 5-Hz sinusoid, and by the same percentage of their starting frequencies, whereas for the incoherently modulated tones the modulation of one (target) component differed from that of the rest. When the 400-ms complex was composed of consecutive harmonics of a common fundamental, performance improved monotonically with increases in modulator delay, and was nearly perfect at the longest delays. When the complex was inharmonic, performance was near chance at all modulator delays, both for component frequencies between 1500 and 2500 Hz, and for component frequencies between 400 and 800 Hz. It is argued that listeners detected incoherence in harmonic complexes by detecting the resulting mistuning of the target component. This conclusion was supported by the finding that listeners were usually at least as good at detecting a fixed mistuning of the center component of a harmonic complex as they were at detecting a modulator phase delay imposed on it. A final experiment, with a stimulus duration of 1 s and slower modulation rates, showed that listeners could detect incoherence for some inharmonic complexes. However, detection was worse than for harmonic complexes and was, it is argued, based on weak harmonicity cues. The results of all experiments point to the absence of an across-frequency mechanism specific to the detection of FM incoherence.</jats:p>