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- Christine Stadelmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; and Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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- Sebastian Timmler
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; and Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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- Alonso Barrantes-Freer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; and Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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- Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; and Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
説明
<jats:p>Oligodendrocytes generate multiple layers of myelin membrane around axons of the central nervous system to enable fast and efficient nerve conduction. Until recently, saltatory nerve conduction was considered the only purpose of myelin, but it is now clear that myelin has more functions. In fact, myelinating oligodendrocytes are embedded in a vast network of interconnected glial and neuronal cells, and increasing evidence supports an active role of oligodendrocytes within this assembly, for example, by providing metabolic support to neurons, by regulating ion and water homeostasis, and by adapting to activity-dependent neuronal signals. The molecular complexity governing these interactions requires an in-depth molecular understanding of how oligodendrocytes and axons interact and how they generate, maintain, and remodel their myelin sheaths. This review deals with the biology of myelin, the expanded relationship of myelin with its underlying axons and the neighboring cells, and its disturbances in various diseases such as multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Furthermore, we will highlight how specific interactions between astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia contribute to demyelination in hereditary white matter pathologies.</jats:p>
収録刊行物
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- Physiological Reviews
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Physiological Reviews 99 (3), 1381-1431, 2019-07-01
American Physiological Society