Sufficient oxygen for animal respiration 1,400 million years ago

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  • Shuichang Zhang
    Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 100083, China;
  • Xiaomei Wang
    Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 100083, China;
  • Huajian Wang
    Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 100083, China;
  • Christian J. Bjerrum
    Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Section of Geology, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark;
  • Emma U. Hammarlund
    Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark;
  • M. Mafalda Costa
    Centre for Star and Planet Formation, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark;
  • James N. Connelly
    Centre for Star and Planet Formation, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark;
  • Baomin Zhang
    Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 100083, China;
  • Jin Su
    Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 100083, China;
  • Donald E. Canfield
    Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark;

抄録

<jats:title>Significance</jats:title> <jats:p>How have environmental constraints influenced the timing of animal evolution? It is often argued that oxygen first increased to sufficient levels for animal respiration during the Neoproterozoic Eon, 1,000 million to 542 million years ago, thus explaining the timing of animal evolution. We report geochemical evidence for deep-water oxygenation below an ancient oxygen minimum zone 1,400 million years ago. Oceanographic modeling constrains atmospheric oxygen to a minimum of ∼4% of today’s values, sufficient oxygen to have fueled early-evolved animal clades. Therefore, we suggest that there was sufficient atmospheric oxygen for animals long before the evolution of animals themselves, and that rising levels of Neoproterozoic oxygen did not contribute to the relatively late appearance of animal life on Earth.</jats:p>

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