Longitudinal four-dimensional mapping of subcortical anatomy in human development

DOI Web Site 2 Citations
  • Armin Raznahan
    Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
  • Phillip W. Shaw
    Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
  • Jason P. Lerch
    Kimel Family Imaging-Genetic Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8;
  • Liv S. Clasen
    Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
  • Deanna Greenstein
    Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
  • Rebecca Berman
    Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
  • Jon Pipitone
    Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8; and
  • Mallar M. Chakravarty
    Kimel Family Imaging-Genetic Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8;
  • Jay N. Giedd
    Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;

Description

<jats:title>Significance</jats:title> <jats:p> Our spatiotemporal understanding of subcortical development in humans lags far behind that of the cortical sheet. This disparity ignores that developmental refinements and disruptions of complex behavior involve systems spanning both components of the brain. We begin redressing this imbalance by applying new techniques for striatal, pallidal and thalamic morphometry to large-scale longitudinal neuroimaging data extending from childhood through early adulthood. This work ( <jats:italic>i</jats:italic> ) establishes the curvilinear, sexual dimorphic and often protracted nature of global volume change within each structure, ( <jats:italic>ii</jats:italic> ) reveals profound spatiotemporal complexities in striatal, pallidal and thalamic maturation that are organized by the known topography of primate cortico-subcortical connectivity, and ( <jats:italic>iii</jats:italic> ) identifies focal sex differences in subcortical maturation that strike regions implicated in psychopathologies with an adolescent-emergent sex-bias. </jats:p>

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