Single Base Substitutions in the Capsid Region of the Norovirus Genome during Viral Shedding in Cases of Infection in Areas Where Norovirus Infection Is Endemic

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  • Mayumi Obara
    Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363
  • Sumiyo Hasegawa
    Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363
  • Masae Iwai
    Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363
  • Eiji Horimoto
    Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363
  • Kazuya Nakamura
    Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363
  • Takeshi Kurata
    Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363
  • Naohito Saito
    Niikawa Health Center, Kurobe, Toyama 938-0025, Japan
  • Hiroshi Oe
    Niikawa Health Center, Kurobe, Toyama 938-0025, Japan
  • Takenori Takizawa
    Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363

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<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title> <jats:p>Norovirus (NoV) infections are the major cause of food- and waterborne nonbacterial gastroenteritis in Japan. Some individuals showed long-term excretion of the virus into feces in 29 outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis that occurred in Toyama Prefecture, Japan, in fiscal year 2006. In one of these cases, single base substitutions from A to G in the capsid region of the NoV genome were commonly detected in two individuals during virus shedding by direct sequencing of PCR products. The A-to-G substitution was accompanied by an N-to-S amino acid change. The population of clones that possessed A at the corresponding site was gradually replaced by those with G during the infectious course. Although other substitutions were observed in the complete open reading frame 2 sequence, they were not common in these two individuals. NoVs are capable of evolving in the gastroenteric tract.</jats:p>

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