EGaIn‐Assisted Room‐Temperature Sintering of Silver Nanoparticles for Stretchable, Inkjet‐Printed, Thin‐Film Electronics

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  • Mahmoud Tavakoli
    Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra Coimbra 3030‐290 Portugal
  • Mohammad H. Malakooti
    Integrated Soft Materials Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
  • Hugo Paisana
    Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra Coimbra 3030‐290 Portugal
  • Yunsik Ohm
    Integrated Soft Materials Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
  • Daniel Green Marques
    Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra Coimbra 3030‐290 Portugal
  • Pedro Alhais Lopes
    Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra Coimbra 3030‐290 Portugal
  • Ana P. Piedade
    CEMMPRE‐ Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra 3030‐290 Portugal
  • Anibal T. de Almeida
    Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra Coimbra 3030‐290 Portugal
  • Carmel Majidi
    Integrated Soft Materials Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Coating inkjet‐printed traces of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) ink with a thin layer of eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) increases the electrical conductivity by six‐orders of magnitude and significantly improves tolerance to tensile strain. This enhancement is achieved through a room‐temperature “sintering” process in which the liquid‐phase EGaIn alloy binds the AgNP particles (≈100 nm diameter) to form a continuous conductive trace. Ultrathin and hydrographically transferrable electronics are produced by printing traces with a composition of AgNP‐Ga‐In on a 5 µm‐thick temporary tattoo paper. The printed circuit is flexible enough to remain functional when deformed and can support strains above 80% with modest electromechanical coupling (gauge factor ≈1). These mechanically robust thin‐film circuits are well suited for transfer to highly curved and nondevelopable 3D surfaces as well as skin and other soft deformable substrates. In contrast to other stretchable tattoo‐like electronics, the low‐cost processing steps introduced here eliminate the need for cleanroom fabrication and instead requires only a commercial desktop printer. Most significantly, it enables functionalities like “electronic tattoos” and 3D hydrographic transfer that have not been previously reported with EGaIn or EGaIn‐based biphasic electronics.</jats:p>

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