Process–form relationships in Southern Italian badlands: erosion rates and implications for landform evolution

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Characteristic badlands are incised into Plio‐Pleistocene clays in Basilicata, southern Italy, creating steep, scarp slopes with knife‐edge ridges (<jats:italic>calanchi</jats:italic>) and small dome‐shaped forms (<jats:italic>biancane</jats:italic>). Erosion pin data for the period 1997–2003 give mean annual erosion rates for dome‐shaped biancane in the range 9–19 mm a<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, while rates for the calanchi scarps are lower, at 7–10 mm a<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. The erosion pin data also show a non‐linear relationship with slope angle. Maximum erosion rates coincide with a slope angle of 35°, within an envelope defined by combining the theoretical effects of both rainsplash and surface weathering. Monitoring of surface changes and erosion rates for two 0·5 m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> cleared swathes on biancane forms reveals a complex relationship between weathering and erosion. Characteristic forms can develop from large blocks of intact clay bedrock over a time period of less than 30 a. The implications of the measured erosion rates for the landform association of mountain front/pediment/domed inselberg are explored. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</jats:p>

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