Newly Recognized Herpesvirus Causing Malignant Catarrhal Fever in White-Tailed Deer ( <i>Odocoileus virginianus</i> )

  • Hong Li
    <!--label omitted: 1-->Animal Diseases Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service,1 and
  • Neil Dyer
    <!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 581052
  • Janice Keller
    <!--label omitted: 1-->Animal Diseases Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service,1 and
  • Timothy B. Crawford
    <!--label omitted: 3-->Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology,3Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, and

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<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title> <jats:p> Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) was diagnosed by clinical signs and lesions in five out of six white-tailed deer ( <jats:italic>Odocoileus virginianus</jats:italic> ) in a North American zoo. The clinical signs and histopathological lesions in these deer were typical of MCF. Antibody to an epitope conserved among the MCF viruses was detected in the sera collected from the deer. PCR failed to amplify viral sequences from DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and/or spleens of the deer with primers specific for ovine herpesvirus 2 (OHV-2) or specific for alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AHV-1). By using degenerate primers targeting a conserved region of a herpesviral DNA polymerase gene, a DNA fragment was amplified from the PBL or spleens of all six deer and sequenced. Alignment of the sequences demonstrated that the virus in the deer belongs to the <jats:italic>Gammaherpesvirinae</jats:italic> subfamily, exhibiting 82% identity to OHV-2, 71% to AHV-1, and 60% to a newly identified bovine lymphotropic herpesvirus. This virus, which causes classical MCF in white-tailed deer, is a newly recognized agent belonging to the MCF group of gammaherpesviruses. It is the third reported pathogenic MCF virus, genetically distinct but closely related to OHV-2 and AHV-1. The reservoir for the virus has not been identified. </jats:p>

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