Genetic diversity in agronomic traits associated with the biomass production of <i>Miscanthus</i> species collected in Northeast Asia

<jats:p><jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic> is a promising bioenergy crop due to its high productivity and broad environmental adaptability to tropical and temperate climates. As important <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic> species such as <jats:italic>M. sinensis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M. sacchariflorus</jats:italic> are native to East Asia, implying more diverse <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic> genetic resources in this region, in this study, we collected about 300 <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic> accessions from East Asia, mainly in Korea. From the whole collections, 66 <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic> accessions representing geographical location and latitude were selected and tested through a 3-year field trial to investigate genetic diversity in their agronomic traits. Five agronomic traits associated with biomass production were assessed to investigate the relationships of agronomic traits with biomass yield and latitudes of locations where <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic> accessions were collected. Plant height, stem diameter, stem dry weight and heading date exhibited a significantly positive correlation with biomass yield with <jats:italic>r</jats:italic>= 0.465, 0.780, 0.817 and 0.450, respectively. Stem diameter (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic>= − 0.495), stem dry weight (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic>= − 0.393), heading date (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic>= − 0.914) and estimated yield (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic>= − 0.425) exhibited a significantly negative correlation with latitudes of the collection sites. The results of the study revealed the existence of considerable genetic diversity in agronomic traits in the <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic> accessions collected. The presence of a significant relationship between latitudes and agronomic traits suggests that accessions collected from different geographical latitudes will provide more genetically diverse materials for breeding. Therefore, the results of the present study can provide useful information and materials for <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic> breeding programmes.</jats:p>