Effect of Peanut Hull and Pine Chip Biochar on Soil Nutrients, Corn Nutrient Status, and Yield

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  • Julia W. Gaskin
    Biological and Agricultural Engineering Dep. Univ. of Georgia Athens GA 30602
  • R. Adam Speir
    Biological and Agricultural Engineering Dep. Univ. of Georgia Athens GA 30602
  • Keith Harris
    Biological and Agricultural Engineering Dep. Univ. of Georgia Athens GA 30602
  • K. C. Das
    Biological and Agricultural Engineering Dep. Univ. of Georgia Athens GA 30602
  • R. Dewey Lee
    Crop and Soil Science Dep. Univ. of Georgia Tifton GA 31793
  • Lawrence A. Morris
    Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources Univ. of Georgia Athens GA 30602
  • Dwight S. Fisher
    JPC Natural Resource Conservation Center USDA‐ARS Watkinsville GA 30677

書誌事項

公開日
2010-03
権利情報
  • http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor
DOI
  • 10.2134/agronj2009.0083
公開者
Wiley

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説明

<jats:p>Pyrolysis is the anaerobic thermal conversion of biomass for energy production. It offers an option of returning carbon and nutrients to the soil while producing energy. The Ultisols in the southeastern United States have inherently low soil organic carbon and fertility, and may benefit from the addition of biochar from pyrolysis. Our objectives were to evaluate the effect of peanut hull and pine chip biochars on soil nutrients, corn (<jats:italic>Zea mays</jats:italic> L.) nutrient status and yield in a Kandiudult for two growing seasons (2006 and 2007). Experiments for each biochar source were conducted as completely randomized designs with the biochar applied at 0, 11, and 22 Mg ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> with and without N fertilizer. Nitrogen in the peanut hull biochar (209 kg ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> at 11 Mg ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> rate) was not available during the study based on corn tissue concentrations. The peanut hull biochar linearly increased Mehlich I K, Ca, and Mg in the surface soil (0–15 cm). The increased available K was reflected in the plant tissue analysis at corn stage R1 in 2006, but not in 2007. Pine chip biochar decreased soil pH, but had no effect on other nutrients except Mehlich I Ca. In the peanut hull biochar experiment, grain yields decreased at the 22 Mg ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> rate in the fertilized treatments. In the pine chip biochar experiment, grain yields decreased linearly with application rate in 2006, but this did not persist in 2007. Overall yield responses to biochar were smaller than expected based on previous studies.</jats:p>

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