Equivalent survival and improved preservation of renal function after distal ureterectomy compared with nephroureterectomy in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the distal ureter: A propensity score‐matched multicenter study

<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives</jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the oncological and functional outcome of distal ureterectomy compared with nephroureterectomy in the management of distal ureteral urothelial carcinoma.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Using a database including upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 1329), 282 patients were identified with urothelial carcinoma localized in the distal ureter on clinical evaluation. To adjust for potential baseline differences between groups, 43 patients undergoing distal ureterectomy were matched with 86 patients undergoing nephroureterectomy using propensity scoring. Cox regression models tested the effect of surgery type on recurrence‐free survival and cancer‐specific survival. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was measured before and after surgery.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The median follow‐up period was 50 months. There were no significant differences in 5‐year recurrence‐free survival and cancer‐specific survival rates between the distal ureterectomy and nephroureterectomy groups (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.22 and <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.70, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that surgery type was not associated with recurrence‐free survival and cancer‐specific survival (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.90 and <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.28, respectively). In the subanalysis, recurrence‐free survival and cancer‐specific survival in the distal ureterectomy group were equivalent to those of the nephroureterectomy group in both <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">pTa</jats:styled-content>‐1 and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">pT2</jats:styled-content>‐4 patients. Renal function was better preserved in the distal ureterectomy group than in the nephroureterectomy group (rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate 2% <jats:italic>vs</jats:italic> −20%; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < 0.001).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>The oncological outcome of distal ureterectomy is comparable with that of nephroureterectomy in distal ureteral urothelial carcinoma patients, and distal ureterectomy provides better preservation of renal function. Distal ureterectomy would be feasible for carefully selected patients with distal ureteral urothelial carcinoma.</jats:p></jats:sec>