National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition (NLPR), Center for Biometrics and Security Research (CBSR), Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA), Beijing 100190, China, also with the School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China, and also with the Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong (e-mail: zlei@nlpr.ia.ac.cn) (At 2024)
