Department of Economics, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany, CEPR, Centre on Regulation in Europe (CERRE), CESifo, Economics Network for Competition and Regulation (ENCORE), Mannheim Centre for Competition and Innovation (MaCCI), and Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) (e-mail: )(2015-05-01時点)