Effect of Serum, Cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein on the Functionality and Structure of Lung Surfactant Films

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  • Nahak Prasant
    Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal
  • Nag Kaushik
    Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland
  • Hillier Ashley
    Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland
  • Devraj Ravi
    Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland
  • Thompson David W.
    Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland
  • Manna Kausik
    Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal
  • Makino Kimiko
    Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
  • Ohshima Hiroyuki
    Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
  • Nakahara Hiromichi
    Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
  • Shibata Osamu
    Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
  • Panda Amiya Kumar
    Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal

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Abstract

Lung surfactant is a complex mixture of lipid and protein, responsible for alveolar stability, becomes dysfunctional due to alteration of its structure and function by leaked serum materials in disease. Serum proteins, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were studied with bovine lipid extract surfactant (BLES) using Langmuir films, and bilayer dispersions using Raman spectroscopy. While small amount of cholesterol (10 wt%) and LDL did not significantly affect the adsorption and surface tension lowering properties of BLES. However serum lipids, whole serum as well as higher amounts of cholesterol, and LDL dramatically altered the surface properties of BLES films, as well as gel-fluid structures formed in such films observed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Raman-spectroscopic studies revealed that serum proteins, LDL and excess cholesterol had fluidizing effects on BLES bilayers dispersion, monitored from the changes in hydrocarbon vibrational modes during gel-fluid thermal phase transitions. This study clearly suggests that patho-physiological amounts of serum lipids (and not proteins) significantly alter the molecular arrangement of surfactant in films and bilayers, and can be used to model lung disease.

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