Cell Biology of Viseceral Fat

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  • HOTTA Kikuko
    Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
  • MATSUZAWA Yuji
    Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University

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  • 内臓脂肪の細胞生物学
  • ナイゾウ シボウ ノ サイボウ セイブツガク

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Adipose tissue is a source of passively stored excess energy. Adipose tissue has been found to secrete various biologically active adipocytokines such as leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) -1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, which affect homeostasis throughout the body. Plasma adipocytokines increase in obesity and the accumulation of fat, especially visceral fat, may serve to create greater insulin resistance or thrombotic tendency in obesity, through enhanced secretion of the above compounds. <BR>In search for genes expressed in adipose tissue, novel adipose-specific genes, adiponectin and aquaporin adipose were isolated in the present study. Adiponectin had a collagen-like sequence and was secreted into blood. Plasma adiponectin paradoxically decreased in obesity, but was expressed exclusively in adipose tissue. Aquaporin adipose is also highly expressed in adipose tissue. This new water channel transports glycerol as well as water, suggesting aquaporin adipose to possibly be essential to glycerol metabolism in adipocytes. <BR>The finding of genes specifically expressed in visceral fat and new adipocytokines should facilitate clarification of the mechanism for the development and complications of visceral fat accumulation.

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