Apoptosis Inducement by Plant and Fungus Sphingoid Bases in Human Colon Cancer Cells

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  • AIDA Kazuhiko
    The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University Central Laboratory, Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd.
  • KINOSHITA Mikio
    The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
  • SUGAWARA Tatsuya
    Division of Food Science, Incorporated Administrative Agency, National Institute of Health and Nutrition
  • ONO Jisaburo
    Central Laboratory, Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd.
  • MIYAZAWA Teruo
    Laboratory of Biodynamic Chemistry, Graduated School of Agriculture and Life Science, Tohoku University
  • OHNISHI Masao
    The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine

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In the present study, examination was made of the apoptosis-inducing activity of sphingoid bases from plant and fungus sphingolipids and the mechanisms involved. Sphingoid bases from maize and lactic yeast, Kluyveromyces lactis (trans-4, trans-8-sphingadienine, trans-4, cis-8-sphingadienine and 9-methyl-trans-4, trans-8-sphingadienine) were found to bring about apoptosis in Caco-2 human colon cancer cells. The apoptosis-inducing activity of trans-4, cis-8-sphingadienine and 9-methyl-trans-4, trans-8-sphingadienine was significantly higher than that of trans-4-sphingenine. In differentiated Caco-2 cells, the model for normal intestine cells, no apoptosis by sphingoid bases was noted to occur. The Caspase-3 inhibitor suppressed sphingoid base-induced apoptosis in Caco-2 cells, thus indicating activation of the caspase pathway to be related to sphingoid base-induced apoptosis in Caco-2 cells. Sphingoid bases from plants and fungi caused intracellular β-catenin content to decrease, as was also noted in the case of sphingosine and sphinganine from animal tissues. It would thus appear that sphingolipids in edible plants and fungi may be considered functional lipids and the apoptosis-inducing pathway by sphingoid bases may be related to signal transduction via β-catenin.<br>

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