Emergence of Water Film in Layered Sand due to Seismic Liquefaction and Its Effect on Soil Stability.

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  • KOKUSHO Takaji
    Civil Engineering Department, Science and Engineering Faculty, Chuo University

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  • 砂層の成層構造による液状化時の水膜生成と地盤安定性への影響
  • サソウ ノ セイソウ コウゾウ ニ ヨル エキジョウカジ ノ スイマク セイセイ ト ジバン アンテイセイ エ ノ エイキョウ

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In order to investigate the effect of heterogeneously stratified structure of loose sand during seismic liquefaction, two types of model test have been carried out. In a simple one-dimensional model test, it is found that a water film is easily formed beneath a less permeable sublayer in a liquefied loose sand and sustained still after the resedimentation of sand. The mechanism for formation of a stable water film may be explained by a upward seepage force exerted by water flow from liquefied sand acting against an overlying reaction layer. 1G shake table tests are then carried out for twodimensional slope models with seams of silt within a saturated sand. Water films formed beneath silt seams enables soil mass above them to laterally flow along water films not only during but also after shaking as sometimes witnessed in past earthquakes. While, in the case without silt, the soil deforms mostly during shaking and almost stops after that. If the silt seam breaks due to excessive hydraulic gradient, it may trigger re-liquefaction in the upper sand sublayer and lead to farther instability. Thus, the emergence of water film in layered sand during seismic liquefaction have been clarified together with its significant effect on the soil instability in terms of failure mode, timing, etc.

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