The relationship between group cohesiveness and group orientation, and the effect of group cohesiveness on volleyball team performance

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  • 集団凝集性と集団志向の関係, および集団凝集性の試合成績への効果
  • シュウダン ギョウシュウセイ ト シュウダン シコウ ノ カンケイ,オヨビ シ

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The results of the previously reported studies on group cohesiveness/performance relationships in sport groups do not necessarily agree each other. Two reasons, if not any more, may be pointed out for such descrepancies, i.e., validity of measurement and suitability of the groups that are being investigated. The current study intended to clarify the latter of such two issues and thus investigated if group cohesiveness varied with group-orientation and high group cohesion resulted in successful team performances. Three hundred and five female volleyballers of ages between 18 and 35 years volunteered as subjects to whom a questionnaire survey was conducted. They consisted of five housewives' teams (N=51), eight community club teams (N=71), five varsity teams (N=66) and twelve industrial workers' teams (N=117). Nature of the group was then studied and thus housewives' And community club teams were found to be recreation oriented while varsity and industrial workers' teams, competition oriented. Group cohesiveness was measured by use of two scales, i.e., social affect scale and cohesiveness measures (directly assessed). The cohesiveness measures consisted of two subscales, namely interpersonal attraction-cohesion and belonging and task-cohesion. Such measurement was administered to each team. The results may be summarised as follows: 1) Receration oriented teams had higher interpersonal attraction-cohesion and social affect score and lower belonging and task-cohesion than competition oriented teams. 2) Significant effect of cohesiveness on team success was found only in belonging and task-cohesion items. The higher belonging and task-cohesion indices, the more the team seemed to be successful in the competition. From these results it was considered that it is necessary to control the level of group orientation to examine further the cohesiveness/performance relationship. And it was also suggested that cohesiveness in the view-point of task-cohesion would be a matter of interest in the future studies.

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