Antitumor-Promoting Constituents from Chaenomeles sinensis KOEHNE and Their Activities in JB6 Mouse Epidermal Cells

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Primary screening of antitumor-promoting activity using soft agar colony assays with JB6 cells was employed to isolate 22 compounds from Chaenomeles sinensis KOEHNE. These compounds were lyoniresinol-2a-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), lyoniresinol-2a-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), aviculin (3), betulinic acid (4), betulin (5), 3-O-(E)-p-coumaroylbetulin (6), 3-O-(E)-caffeoylbetulin (7), 3-O-(Z)-p-coumaroylbetulin (8), 3-O-(E)-caffeoyllupeol (9), alphitolic acid (10), sorbikortal II (11), tormentic acid (12), euscaphic acid (13), corosolic acid (14), maslinic acid (15), erythrodiol (16), 1-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzene (17), avicularin (18), 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosylkaempferol (19), 5-O-β-D-glucopyranosylgenistein (20), 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosylgenistein (21), epicatechin (22), and β-sitosterol (23) and were identified using spectral data such as MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR. Compound 1, having a rhamnosyl group, showed greater activity than 2, having a glucosyl group, and 3, which was a bis-demethoxy derivative of 1. Betulinic acid (4), having a C-28 carboxyl group, 3-O-(E)-caffeoylbetulin (7), and tormentic acid (12) showed more potent activity than betulin (5), which has a C-28 hydroxymethyl group.

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