Antimicrobial and Anti-biofilm Activity of Thiourea Derivatives Incorporating a 2-Aminothiazole Scaffold

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  • Stefanska Joanna
    Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University
  • Nowicka Grażyna
    Department of Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw
  • Struga Marta
    Department of Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw
  • Szulczyk Daniel
    Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University
  • Koziol Anna Eugenia
    Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University
  • Augustynowicz-Kopec Ewa
    Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute
  • Napiorkowska Agnieszka
    Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute
  • Bielenica Anna
    Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw
  • Filipowski Wojciech
    Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Institute of Electronics
  • Filipowska Anna
    Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Institute of Electronics Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals
  • Drzewiecka Aleksandra
    Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
  • Giliberti Gabriele
    Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari
  • Madeddu Silvia
    Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari
  • Boi Stefano
    Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari
  • Colla Paolo La
    Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari
  • Sanna Giuseppina
    Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari

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A series of new thiourea derivatives of 1,3-thiazole have been synthesized. All obtained compounds were tested in vitro against a number of microorganisms, including Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative rods and Candida albicans. Compounds were also tested for their in vitro tuberculostatic activity against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain, as well as two ‘wild’ strains isolated from tuberculosis patients. Compounds 3 and 9 showed significant inhibition against Gram-positive cocci (standard strains and hospital strain). The range of MIC values is 2–32 µg/mL. Products 3 and 9 effectively inhibited the biofilm formation of both methicillin-resistant and standard strains of S. epidermidis. The halogen atom, especially at the 3rd position of the phenyl group, is significantly important for this antimicrobial activity. Moreover, all obtained compounds resulted in cytotoxicity and antiviral activity on a large set of DNA and RNA viruses, including Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other several important human pathogens. Compound 4 showed activity against HIV-1 and Coxsackievirus type B5. Seven compounds resulted in cytotoxicity against MT-4 cells (CC50<10 µM).

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