Changes in soil chemical properties by the conversion of natural deciduous broad-leaved forest into larch (Larix kaempferi) forest

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  • カラマツ人工林化にともなう土壌化学性の変化 : 隣接する広葉樹林土壌との比較
  • カラマツ ジンコウリンカ ニ トモナウ ドジョウ カガクセイ ノ ヘンカ リンセツ スル コウヨウジュリン ドジョウ ト ノ ヒカク

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Natural broad-leaved forest and artificial larch (Larix keampferi) forests (40-yr-old) were compared in the amount of litter layer and its contents of C, N, P, K, Na, Ca and Mg, rate of litter decomposition, and some chemical properties of mineral soil horizons. There were no differences in average concentrations of total C, N and P of the litter layer between the two forest types. Average concentrations of total K, Na, Ca and Mg of the litter layer were lower in the larch forest than in the broad-leaved forest. However, there were no consistent differences in the amounts of those elements in litter layer between two forest types. The decomposition rates (Olson's k) were 0.19 and 0.29 at the larch forest and the board-leaved forest, respectively, and suggested the nutrient return to the mineral soil through litter decomposition may much smaller in the former than the latter. The concentrations of total C, N, P, exchangeable K, Na and Mg in the surface mineral soil (0-5cm depth) were 0.66, 0.64, 0.73, 0.34, 0.28 and 0.36 times lower in the larch forest than in the broad-leaved forest, respectively. It was presumed that the nutrients status in the surface mineral soil, especially in exchangeable K, Na and Mg concentrations declined due to the decreased nutrients return from litter layer with the forest conversion into the larch forest. However, the concentrations of exchangeable Ca in the lower soil layers were 1.9 times higher in the larch forest than in the board-leaved forest, though it did not differ in the upper soil layers between them. The NO_3-N contents in mineral soils were 1.4-2.4 times higher in the larch forest than in the natural broad-leaved forest. Those findings suggested that the conversion of broad-leaved forests into artificial larch forest might bring about increased NO_3-N flux in a litter-mineral soils-system, and accelerate leaching loss of basic cations from soil.

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