Influence of Eye Movement on Reading in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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  • 注意欠如多動性障害（ADHD）児における眼球運動が読字に及ぼす影響

Abstract

<p>[Purpose] To investigate the influence of visual attention on reading, eye movement was assessed by the Developmental Eye Movement Test (DEM) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</p><p>[Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 6 children (age, 6-7 years) with ADHD and 10 age-matched normal controls. Eye movements were recorded using the Eye Mark Recorder-9® (NAC Image Technology Inc.) to obtain the eye movement pattern, maximal fixation duration, and number of saccades. For reading, the DEM test included tests A and B with evenly-spaced numbers and test C with unevenly-spaced numbers. Reading time and number of errors (omissions and additions) were recorded, and the adjusted reading time, which was the reading time per 80 numbers for each test, was calculated to obtain the DEM ratio.</p><p>[Results] Saccadic undershoot was observed in both groups. The ADHD group had a shorter maximal fixation duration and a significantly larger number of saccades than the controls (p<0.01). The ADHD group also had significantly longer adjusted reading time for test C (p<0.05) and more errors that occurred within the line (p<0.05). No significant difference in the DEM ratio was seen between the groups.</p><p>[Conclusion] Children with ADHD had a shorter fixation duration, which is necessary for suppressing saccades. Therefore, it was difficult for them to maintain visual attention, and this resulted in longer adjusted reading time for test C. Measurement of fixation duration and the adjusted reading time for test C can be useful for ADHD screening.</p>

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