Dynamic Simulation of Multiplier Effects of Helium Plasma and Neutron Irradiation on Microstructural Evolution in Tungsten

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Plasma-facing and high heat flux materials in a fusion reactor suffer two types of damage: displacement damage caused mainly by high-energy neutrons and surface damage, such as erosion, sputtering, and blistering, caused by hydrogen and helium plasma. Usually, these two kinds of damage are investigated separately. In the present study, multiplier effects of helium plasma and neutron irradiation on microstructural evolution in tungsten were investigated using computer simulations based on a rate theory. Neutron irradiation with 10−6 dpa·s−1 at 873 K and a helium flux of 1018 m−2·s−1 with 10-keV energy were used as typical irradiation conditions. The effects of irradiation temperature and defect production rate on the interaction between helium and defects were also investigated. The simulation results revealed the rapid diffusion of helium in tungsten. The helium concentration was saturated in tungsten 0.067 mm thick within 0.01 s at 873 K, and the formation of helium-vacancy clusters was nearly uniform in the matrix except at the surfaces facing towards and away from the irradiation after 0.01 s. This meant that the 10-keV helium plasma could enhance formation of helium-vacancy clusters in the region without damage produced by helium. The concentration of 6He-V clusters reached a very high level (10−6) even after a 1-s irradiation with a defect production rate of 10−6 dpa·s−1 at 873 K. The concentration of helium-vacancy clusters decreased with increasing irradiation temperature and decreasing defect production rate. The accumulation of helium and the formation of helium-vacancy clusters depended on not only the vacancy concentration, which was determined by the irradiation temperature and defect production rate, and helium concentrations, but also irradiation time.

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