Flow Injection Analysis of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde in Honey by a Modified Winkler Method

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  • CASTOLDI Karine
    Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP)
  • MILANI Maria Izabel
    Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP)
  • ROSSINI Eduardo L.
    Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP)
  • PEZZA Leonardo
    Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP)
  • PEZZA Helena R.
    Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP)

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Abstract

One of the quality indicators for honey is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (HMF), which is formed during the heating or aging of honey. The International Honey Commission recommends three methods for the determination of HMF in honey: the Winkler method, the White method, and determination by HPLC. The Winkler method uses the carcinogenic substance p-toluidine, which is not in accordance with the principles of Green Chemistry. The present work describes the determination of HMF in honey by flow injection analysis (FIA) using a modified Winkler method, replacing p-toluidine with p-aminobenzoic acid. The linear range was 1.00 to 40.0 mg L−1, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.43 mg L−1, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1.32 mg L−1. The method is an efficient and environmentally friendly technique for the analysis of HMF in honey.

Journal

  • Analytical Sciences

    Analytical Sciences 32 (4), 413-417, 2016

    The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry

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