Ecology of sea club rush (Scirpus planiculmis FR. SCHM.), a perennial paddy weed. I. Emergence characteristics of tubers.

KOYAMA Yutaka, MIYAMA Masaharu, YAMAGISHI Atushi, TAKEICHI Yoshio

doi:10.3719/weed.33.105

Characteristics of sprouting and emergence of the tubers of the sea club rush were determined by simulated pot experiments, in order to obtain informations for appropriate control. Tuber dormancy was completely broken by exposure to 5°C for 30 days, but was slightly broken in the 20°C treatment even after 125 days. For breaking the dormancy of the tubers stored in outdoor soil, low temperatures during autumn to winter were very effective. The optimum, the highest and the lowest temperatures required for the sprouting of the tubers were 20-40°C, 45°C and 5-10°C, respectively. The optimum soil moisture required for tuber emergence was above 80% of the value of the maximum water holding capacity. The critical soil depth for emergence ranged between 10 and 15cm under upland conditions and in the flooded soil between 15 and 20cm, although the percentage of emerged tubers decreased below a depth of 10cm. The reduced soil condition which was brought about by the incorporation of starch into soil, also depressed the emergence at a depth below 10cm. Thirty to 40% of the tubers buried in the pot soil had already emerged at the time of puddling, whereas only 10 to 15% emerged after puddling. The tubers which had not emerged became dormant during the prolonged burying period. Tillage and puddling temporarily disturbed the emergence. The treatment markedly decreased the total number of emerged tubers, but did not affect the time of emergence which ended in early June.

Ecology of sea club rush (Scirpus planiculmis FR. SCHM.), a perennial paddy weed. I. Emergence characteristics of tubers.

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