Recent Advances in the Search for the .MU.-Opioidergic System. Morphological Studies of the Endomorphinergic Neurons in the Central Nervous System.

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  • Wang Qing-Ping
    Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine
  • Zadina James E.
    Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine Neuroscience Program, Tulane University School of Medicine
  • Guan Jian-Lian
    Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine
  • Shioda Seiji
    Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine

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  • Recent Advances in the Search for the N-Opioidergic System: Morphological Studies of the Endomorphinergic Neurons in the Central Nervous System
  • Recent advances in the search for the μ-opioidergic system: morphological studies of the endomorphinergic neurons in the central nervous system
  • Morphological Studies of the Endomorphinergic Neurons in the Central Nervous System

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Abstract

Endomorphins (EMs) are newly found endogenous opioid peptides. Both endomorphin-1 (EM-1) and -2 (EM-2) are composed of four amino acids. Their high affinity and specificity for μ-opioid receptors have been confirmed by many physiological and pharmacological studies. In the present minireview, we discuss the distribution and localization of these peptides. While EM-2 is more prevalent in the spinal cord and lower brainstem, EM-1 is more widely and densely distributed throughout the brain than EM-2. We also discuss the possible coexistence of EM with other neurotransmitters. Finally, we introduce some new results regarding the ultrastructure and synaptic relationships of EM-2 obtained by the immunoelectron microscopic method.

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