A systematic understanding and comprehensive tests of mechanisms maintaining genetic polymorphisms(Suzuki Award)

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  • Takahashi Yuma
    Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University:Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University

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Other Title
  • 遺伝的多型の維持機構の体系的理解とその検証における多角的アプローチの重要性(奨励賞(鈴木賞)受賞者総説)
  • 奨励賞(鈴木賞)受賞者総説 遺伝的多型の維持機構の体系的理解とその検証における多角的アプローチの重要性
  • ショウレイショウ(スズキショウ)ジュショウシャ ソウセツ イデンテキ タケイ ノ イジ キコウ ノ タイケイテキ リカイ ト ソノ ケンショウ ニ オケル タカクテキ アプローチ ノ ジュウヨウセイ

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Abstract

Studies of genetic polymorphisms within a population have contributed to two areas fundamental to evolutionary biology: the mechanisms maintaining genetic variation within a population and the evolution of reproductive isolation (i.e., speciation). Various mechanisms and processes that maintain genetic polymorphisms within a population have been proposed, such as negative frequency-dependent selection, overdominant selection, and environmental heterogeneity. However, few experimental studies have confirmed that these processes operate in natural settings, for at least two reasons, (1) lack of understanding of the necessary conditions for protected polymorphism, and (2) incomplete empirical evidence. Here, I present a general review of the possible mechanisms of, and the underlying necessary conditions for, the evolution of protected polymorphisms. Next, I clarify problems in previous empirical studies using the case of negative frequency-dependent selection. Finally, I discuss the importance of a comprehensive approach that demonstrates causal links between the trigger of evolution and resulting evolutionary dynamics, for confirmation of the mechanisms and processes maintaining genetic polymorphisms within a population.

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