社会学における〈意味〉の問題

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タイトル別名
  • The Problem of 'Meaning' in Sociology
  • シャカイガク ニ オケル イミ ノ モンダイ M ウェーバー ト A シュッツ
  • With Special Reference to M. Weber and A. Schutz
  • M・ウェーバーとA・シュッツを中心に

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抄録

There is a tendency in contemporary sociology to pay special attention to 'meaning'. This tendency is derived from some sources, particularly from Max Weber and Alfred Schutz.The meaning of 'meaning' is, however, ambiguously used by some students who are active in this current trend of thought. In the present paper I will discuss their differing treatments of 'meaning' or 'Sinn', principally those of Weber and Schutz.<BR>I will first show the manifold meaning of 'Sinn' in Weber's “Verstehen des gemeinten Sinn” (so-called “understanding of motives”), after a brief examination of the meaning of 'meaning' in linguistics (or philosophy of language). Secondly, I will then show that the interpretations of “Verstehen des Sinns” by some students are questionable. Then from these discussions, I will make it clear that there is evidently a direction toward “das Verstehen von Mensch zu Mensch im Alltag unserer Lebenswelt” along with attention to “Sinngebung”.<BR>Furthermore, Schutz's theory is also discussed here since he had similarly studied these issues. Schutz's approach to 'meaning' was made mainly from the following viewpoints ; (1) actor's subjective meaning of action ; (2) our understanding of 'meaning' in general (or “appresentational reference” in Schutz's terminology); and (3) the processes in which 'meaning' is produced in our consciousness.<BR>Finally, after this investigation into the perspectives and direction of the sociology-of-'meaning' school, I will briefly comment on several issues to be considered when we take this school into account.

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