新幹線振動対策制度の硬直性と〈正当化の循環〉

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  • Institutional Rigidity on the "Circle of Legitimation": A study on the policy for vibration problems caused by bullet trains in Japan
  • シンカンセン シンドウ タイサク セイド ノ コウチョクセイ ト セイトウカ ノ ジュンカン

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The purpose of this study is to examine "an institution that monitors and mitigates vibrations caused by bullet trains (IVB)." Since institutions related to environmental pollution control have been established in the 1970s, many environmental sociological studies have focused on the institution-building process promoted by antipollution movements, such as studies about pollutions caused by bullet trains (Funabashi at el. 1985; Funabashi et al. 1988). However, little attention has been paid toward the concrete operating processes of these institutions. Above all, problems related to the rigidity of these institutions remain unanswered. In this article, I focus on (1) the consequences of the rigidity of IVB, and (2) the rationale behind adopting such institutional rigidity.<br>My research results are as follows. First, the fact that "information on the extent of vibration is physically mitigated (IPM) " has been considered by the operating entities of IVB, while "the extent to which information on suffering, such as sleep disturbance and health effects, is mitigated (ISM)" has been disregarded. As a result of such informational constraints, the operation of IVB has gained rigidity, and along rail lines, occurrences of sleep disturbance and health effects have been neglected and residents' advocacies have been dismissed. Second, the institutional rigidity and the related consequences are a direct result of the fixation on IPM. In other words, while IPM is merely a means of mitigation of suffering caused by vibration, in the operating processes, such information has been treated as an end in itself, and ISM has been considered to be of less importance. Furthermore, these situations have been structurally caused by the "Circle of Legitimation," that is, the structural relationship between experts and administrations is considered to be mutually legitimate.<br>Consequently, in order to improve the institutional rigidity, it is necessary to adopt various types of ISM in the decision-making process prompting the participation of epidemiologists in the council for vibration problems and conducting regular environmental epidemiologic investigations.

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