インドネシアにおける「伝統」の実践とポリティクス

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タイトル別名
  • The Practice and Politics of “Tradition” in Indonesia
  • インドネシア ニ オケル デントウ ノ ジッセン ト ポリティクス シン チツジョ タイセイ カ ノ ゴトン ロヨン ソウゴ フジョ ト トシ ジュウミン ソシキ RT RW ノ ヤケイ オ メグッテ
  • A Focus on Gotong Royong, Mutual Aid and Night Watch by <I>RT/RW</I>, Urban Neighborhood Association in the New Order
  • 新秩序体制下のゴトン・ロヨン (相互扶助) と都市住民組織 RT/RW の夜警をめぐって

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Suharto's New Order in Indonesia was built on the physical disorganization of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). Indonesian people experienced violence of a nation and fear of death by the disorganization.<BR>The New Order invoked the tradition of gotong royong as a given “moral fact” under two logics, “development” and “stability, ” and made gotong royong as an expression to justify people's cooperation with the pro-development policy of the government.<BR>The New Order employed the two policies at the same time in late 1970s and early 1980s. One made Pancaslia a national ideology, and the other released former political prisoners of PKI. The policies urged people to participate in the new surveillance system of the nation and in gotong royong to help each other by night watch at the neighborhood association RT/RW. And the surveillance and guard system Siskamling, including night watch by neighbors, institutionalized these different forms of participation, and the neighbors obeyed them.<BR>Especially, the political tactics of the New Order reminded people their fear to violence and made PKI their imaginary enemy. Consequently, the problem of local order become a reality to the people.<BR>For this reason, the adoption of Siskamling enhanced night watch. Therefore, night watch systemized a series of making decisions, giving directions, and actual practice, and it was done by the neighbors, who were mobilized by the Indonesian government during certain periods, such as the general election. But actually, the purpose of night watch was not crime deterrence, but a political display of power against social forces hostile to the New Order.<BR>“Tradition, ” which is called gotong royong in Indonesia, was practiced and reproduced by Suharto's subtle political tactics and strategies in the New Order.

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