Magnitude Scale for the South American Tsunamis

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  • 南米における津波規模の特性
  • ナンベイ ニ オケル ツナミ キボ ノ トクセイ

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Abstract

A relation of tsunami and earthquake magnitudes is investigated based on the tsunami catalogs for tsunamis generated in South America during the period from 1562 to 1995. It was compared with a statistical relation formerly derived from Japanes data and some great tsunamis in the world. As the result it is shown that the relation is normal for earthquakes with magnitudes, M>8.0, but the tsunami magnitudes (Imamura-Iida scale, m) exceed by 1-2 grade (tsunami heights: 2-5 times) for the earthquake magnitudes with M<7.6 in the North Chile to South Peru region. Using a formerly derived empirical relation between tsunami potential energy at the source and the tsunami magnitude, we estimated the tsunami energy distribution at intervals of 1, 000km. The result shows that the cumulative energy is in the order of 1021-1022 ergs and largest, 3.2×1022 ergs, in South Chile. Chile, Peru and Ecuador-Colombia occupy 70, 24 and 6% of the total energy as the source region, respectively. Since 1586, eight large tsunamis with the earthquake magnitude, M, over 8.0 and the tusnami magnitude, m, over 3 have hit Japan because of the directivity effect. There is a seismic gap growing in North Chile, which is noticed from the cumulative curve of the tsunami energy in the 1, 000km range.

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