Pathology of deciduous teeth in the samurai and commoner children of early modern Japan

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  • OYAMADA JOICHI
    Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Anthropology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
  • IGAWA KAZUNARI
    Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Anthropology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
  • KITAGAWA YOSHIKAZU
    Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Anthropology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
  • MANABE YOSHITAKA
    Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Anthropology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
  • KATO KATSUTOMO
    Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
  • MATSUSHITA TAKAYUKI
    Doigahama Anthropological Museum
  • ROKUTANDA ATSUSHI
    Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Anthropology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University

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The strict class system in place during the Edo (early modern) period in Japan is thought to have encompassed customs that differed between the samurai (ruling class) and commoners. This study found that in samurai children, deciduous caries occurred only in maxillary incisors at 0.5–2 years of age and did not occur in the mandibular incisors and canines at 3–5 years of age. Conversely, in commoner children, deciduous caries occurred in all maxillary teeth and mandibular molars at 0.5–2 years of age and in all maxillary and mandibular teeth at 3–5 years of age. In commoner children, deciduous caries was seen in tooth types that have a low incidence of deciduous caries in modern Japanese. The present results show that deciduous carious lesions appear earlier and more frequently in the commoner children compared to the samurai children, probably because of differences in lifestyle between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence of enamel hypoplasia in the deciduous dentition between samurai and commoner children, suggesting that the two classes had broadly comparable nutrition. In our previous study using the same skeletal series, similar results between samurai and commoners were found with respect to caries and enamel hypoplasia prevalence of the permanent dentition. Many of the samurai adults had slick polished teeth, which we believe were caused by regular brushing of the teeth in the samurai class. Such a custom might have functioned to prevent dental caries not only in the permanent dentition, but also in the deciduous dentition. Thus, oral hygiene practices in the samurai class are thought to have functioned to prevent dental caries not only in adults but also in children.<br>

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