Hakata is in Izumi province in Japan. Jt was a political center of the Hakata clan for 144 years from the time when a “Jinya” was instituted in 1727 till it broke down in 1871.<br> The Jinya village was a distinctive village where Watanabe, one of the retainers of the shogun in Edo, lived here with his men and set up a government office, intending to fortify the whole village against the enemy. They lived in this place every other year, spending here a year and in Edo the next year.<br> Hakata is located in the west end of Shinoda hills with 50 meters high above the sea level, abutting on the coastal plain in the middle of Izumi province.<br> Hakata village consisted of two parts, one of which was Jinya village on this hills and the other Hakata village as an agricultural district in the plain. These two parts were clearly divided. Jinya village was called ‘Ue-mura’ (Upper village) where the governing class lived. Hakata village as a farm village was called ‘Shita-mura’ (Lower village) and only the dominated lived. But they were conbined in 1869.<br> Jinya village was generally called ‘Yashiki’, which means that there were many samurais' residences in it. This village was about 4, 000 meters in circumference covering a space of 1714.7 acres (17 cho and 3 tan).<br> All around the village there were built reddle walls with a height of 1.8 meters, taking account of geographical features. Especially the west side along the road had plastered mud walls. These walls were so prominent among the hills that people even now talk of this ‘Reddle Walls in Shinoda’ as an everyday topic, though we can hardly find their remains. In these walls there were grass-covered loopholes here and there. Outside the walls there was a considerably wide road. Jinya village and its surroundings, as aforesaid, were situated on such a height abundant in forest, field, valleys, or lots of ponds that they unartificially performed the function of a citadal. While the roads within had many curvings. They were made hook-shaped, T-shaped, or a square- shaped to set up a kind of barricade.<br> In the village there were two Shinto shrines and one temple, but they were for religious service only, not for any means of defence in time of need. The number of houses was 38 in 1727, 155 in 1850. This village was a small one in which the daimyo and his followers only lived. Moreover they had but a few government offices, and it seems that they grew vegetables around their offices to support themselves. They had, in addition, a hall for martial arts, a rifle-firing field, a riding ground, stables, a rice granary, a powder magazine, and so forth. We cannot find any proof that there lived any merchants and artisans inside and outside the village, but judging from the existence of workshops, it is obvious that they were made to do labor-service for a specified period in a year. And it has not yet been definitely shown where the artisans dwelt, where they came from and how the consumption economy was in this village. Now there remain two samurai-houses. One of which has a two-storied house besices the main dwelling in order to watch for intruders.<br> Hakada was in the southwestern end of the clan's dominion. It was in 1727, when Yoshimune Tokumgawa, the eighth shogun, moved from Wakayama to Edo that this Jinya village was built in Hakata.<br> To conclude, it was a particular military and political village set up deliberately in Hakata to watch and check movements of the shogun's retainers so that they migkt neither rise against him nor attack his own home. It lasted until 1871.