Some problems on quantitative surface analysis of copper-nickel and palladium-silver alloys by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS, ESCA)

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  • KUDO Masahiro
    Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo
  • NIHEI Yoshimasa
    Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo
  • MACHIYAMA Toru
    Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Science University of Tokyo
  • FURUYA Keiichi
    Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Science University of Tokyo
  • KAMADA Hitoshi
    Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo

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Other Title
  • Ｘ線光電子スペクトル法による銅‐ニッケル及びパラジウム‐銀合金の表面組成分析における問題点
  • Xセン コウデンシ スペクトルホウ ニヨル ドウ ニッケル オヨビ パラジウム
  • X線光電子スペクトル法による銅-ニッケル及びパラジウム-銀合金の表面組成分析における問題点

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Abstract

Surface compositions of binary alloys were investigated by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in the cases of copper-nickel and palladiumsilver alloys. The relationship between atomic ratio and peak intensity ratio was not linear in the calibration curves which were obtained assuming that the surface compositions of samples polished mechanically were approximately the same as those of bulk alloys. Using Henke's intensity equation and supposing that the reciprocal of an electron mean free path can be expressed as a linear combination of inelastic cross sections and atomic densities, some parameters which affect peak intensities were calculated by a least square curve-fitting method. Some of them, however, did not seem suitable when considering their physical meanings, so it might not be sufficient to use mean free pathes according to this type of approximation for these binary alloy systems. In spite of all these problems the calibration curves obtained were very useful for the evaluation of relative changes of surface compositions of these alloys after heating in vacuum. In the case of copper-nickel alloy, it was observed that surface nickel concentration decreased after heating for samples of all composition range and it is a reasonable tendancy according to the theory of bulk thermodynamics. On the contrary, in the case of palladium-silver alloys containing palladium mole fractions of 59.9% and 40.0%, it was observed that surface concentration of palladium was enriched abruptly by heating at 350°C for 10 minutes and recovered by heating at 500°C for 100 minutes. This phenomenon cannot be explained by the theory of bulk thermodynamics.

Journal

  • BUNSEKI KAGAKU

    BUNSEKI KAGAKU 26 (3), 173-178, 1977

    The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry

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