High Pressure Bioscience. Pressure Response in Deep-Sea Microorganisms.

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  • KATO Chiaki
    The DEEPSTAR Group, Japan Marine Science and Technology Center

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  • 高圧力バイオサイエンス　　深海微生物の加圧応答
  • シンカイ ビセイブツ ノ カアツ オウトウ

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Several baro (piezo) -philic microorganisms have been isolated from a deep-sea high hydrostatic pressure environment in our laboratory. The results of taxonomic studies showed that all of the barophile isolates belonged to Proteobacteria gamma-subgroup, and four novel species were identified. The moderately barophilic bacterium, Shewanella violacea strain DSS 12 was one of them, and this strain was able to grow from atmospheric pressure (0. 1 MPa) to 70 MPa conditions in the same way. Molecular mechanisms of pressure-regulation on gene expression in S. violacea were analyzed, and we identified particular DNA binding proteins that might be essentially important for pressure regulation. Atmospheric pressure adapted Escherichia coli that belonged to the same gamma-subgroup of the isolated barophilic species was also studied and we could observe the positive and negative effects on pressure regulation. Finally, we observed that hyper-thermophilic archaea could grow well under higher pressure conditions at higher temperatures. These results indicated that pressure could affect microorganisms' survival in several ways in such an environment.

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