Studies on bacterial endotoxin from Fusobacterium nucleatum - Especially the role of endotoxin in periodontal diseases.

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  • Ｆｕｓｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ　ｎｕｃｌｅａｔｕｍ由来の細菌性内毒素に関する研究　　とくに歯周疾患との関連について
  • Especially the Role of Endotoxin in Periodontal Diseases
  • とくに歯周疾患との関連について

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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exhibits a wide variety of biological activities and is regarded as one of the important pathogens in periodontal diseases. For example, LPS induces osteoclastic bone resorption and activation of the complement system in vitro. In spite of these investigations, the role of endotoxin in human periodontal diseases is not clearly defined. In the present study, the concentration of LPS in whole saliva, including the extraction and purification of LPS from Fusobacterium, the toxic activity of the preparation and the serum antibody titers against LPS were investigated. The histo-pathological changes in the periodontal tissues due to consecutive injections of LPS were also evaluated. The following results were obtained in the present study:<br>1. The concentration of LPS in human whole saliva ranged from 0.5 to 7.0μg/ml with correlation noted between the concentration of LPS, plaque accumulation and the severity of gingival inflammation.<br>2. Purified LPS preparation, extracted from Fusobacterium nucleatum, exhibited high toxic activities, as compared with Escherichia coli endotoxin which is commercially available.<br>3. The LPS preparation showed lower cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells with an LD50 concentration calculated from cellular death rate at 489μg/ml.<br>4. The LPS preparation induced chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leucocytes through interactions with serum.<br>5. Specific serum antibody responses for LPS were demonstrated in IgM fraction with correlations recognized between antibody titers and severity of periodontal diseases.<br>6. Consecutive injections of LPS into gingival sites of normal rat induced severe inflammation of gingival tissue, degeneration and necrosis of osteoprogenitor cells followed by osteoclastic bone resorption.<br>7. Consecutive injections of LPS into gingival sites of preimmunized rat with LPS induced a severe Arthus type of hypersensitivity in gingival tissue and early osteoclastic bone resorption as compared with normal rat.

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