Earthworm avoidance test for evaluation of environmental hazard of landfill leachate

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  • ABE Makoto
    Research Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management, National Institute for Environmental Studies
  • YAMADA Masato
    Research Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management, National Institute for Environmental Studies
  • INOUE Yuzo
    Research Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management, National Institute for Environmental Studies

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Other Title
  • ミミズの忌避性を指標とした処分場浸出水試料の環境影響評価手法
  • カガク ブッシツ カンリ センリャク ケンキュウカイ ロンブン ミミズ ノ キヒセイ オ シヒョウ ト シタ ショブンジョウ シンシュツスイ シリョウ ノ カンキョウ エイキョウ ヒョウカ シュホウ

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Abstract

To assess environmental hazard of landfill leachate containing toxic substances with or without non-toxic salts, we conducted avoidance test using an earthworm, Eisenia fetida, using in combination with Daphnia magna acute immobilization test. In tests using five phenolic compounds (Bisphenol A, 2, 4-dichlorophenol, o-cresol, p-cresol, p-t-butylphenol) which are possibly present in landfill leachate, earthworm avoided pulp powder spiked with 10mg/L solution of 2, 4-dichlorophenol, p-t-butylphenol, o-cresol and 5mg/L solution of Bisphenol A. The earthworm did not avoid pulp powder spiked with 10mg/L solution of p-cresol. LC50 (mg/L) of D. magna to each chemical was p-t-butylphenol (1.5) > 2, 4-dichlorophenol (2.4) > Bisphenol A (5.0) >p-cresol (7.3) > o-cresol (14.4), respectively. In test using five landfill leachate samples (A, B, C, D and E), earthworm avoided all five leachate samples. D. magna almost died by exposure to A, B, C and D leachate samples but neither mortality nor immobilization were observed by the exposure of E leachate sample. To reduce an effect from high salt concentration in leachate, avoidance test 0.1M NaCl added in control was conducted. Among three samples (A, B and C leachates), earthworm did not avoid A and C leachates but avoided B leachate. These results indicate that earthworm avoidance test have a potential of alternative test method for aquatic ecotoxicity tests to evaluate ecotoxicity of landfill leachate containing salts highly.

Journal

  • ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

    ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 20 (6), 503-510, 2007

    SOCIETY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, JAPAN

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