Occurrence of ochratoxigenic fungi and ochratoxin A in coffee cherries on coffee tree

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  • コーヒーノキ樹上における果実にみられたochratoxin生産菌とochratoxin Aの自然汚染
  • コーヒーノキ ジュ ジョウ ニ オケル カジツ ニ ミラレタ ochratoxin セイサンキン ト ochratoxin A ノ シゼン オセン

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Abstract

<p>During a field survey at a small coffee plantation in a tropical rain forest in the outskirts of Santarém City, Pará State in Brazil, spoiled coffee cherries colonized by molds with yellowish conidial heads were found on the trees. To evaluate the mycoflora and the potential for ochratoxin A (OTA) production by the isolates, the moldy cherries and overripe cherries were plated on Czapek agar at 25℃ for 10 days and assessed for the presence of OTA-producing fungi. Two Aspergillus species, A. westerdijkiae (sect. Circumdati) and A. carbonarius (sect. Nigri), were isolated and identified. A total of 20 samples of moldy cherries from which A. westerdijkiae was isolated were analyzed by ELISA assay for OTA, and OTA was detected on all samples at levels ranging from 0.5 to 659.6 µg/g. In addition, the ability to produce OTA by the 13 isolates belonging to A. westerdijkiae and one isolate of A. carbonarius was analyzed on malt extract-yeast extract agar cultures. All tested strains of A. westerdijkiae produced OTA at concentration ranging from 9.4 to 121.3 µg/ ml. The A. carbonarius strain also produced OTA at 27.3 µg/ ml. Inside the damaged coffee cherries, two beetle species belonging to Anthribidae and Ciidae were found as borers. The damage caused by these pests might encourage growth of OTA-producing aspergilli, leading to OTA accumulation in coffee cherries. The role of these pests as spore dispersal agents of OTA-producing fungi and the possibility of fungus-insect association has also been suggested.</p>

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